Bone Loss

Bone Loss and Low Vitamin D Levels Are Common among People with HIV

Nearly half of HIV positive people taking antiretroviral therapy (ART) in a Spanish study had low bone mineral density, and more than one-quarter experienced progressive bone loss, according to findings presented at the 50th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy (ICAAC 2010) last month in Boston. Two other studies found that HIV positive people are likely to have low levels of vitamin D, which is crucial for bone health.

AIDS 2010: Majority of HIV Positive People on Antiretroviral Therapy May Have Reduced Bone Density

About half of people with HIV taking antiretroviral therapy (ART) in a Spanish study had low bone mineral density, and another quarter had more severe bone loss, researchers reported at the XVIII International AIDS Conference (AIDS 2010) last month in Vienna. This study found that bone loss was associated with use of tenofovir and protease inhibitors, a finding also supported by results of the ACTG 5142 trial in the U.S.

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IAS 2009: Vitamin D Deficiency is Common among HIV Positive People and Is Associated with NNRTI Use, Black Race, and Smoking

Two research teams presented study findings at the recent 5th International AIDS Society Conference on HIV Pathogenesis, Treatment, and Prevention (IAS 2009) in Cape Town, South Africa, showing that inadequate vitamin D levels are highly prevalent among people with HIV, and individuals taking efavirenz (Sustiva) are at particularly high risk

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CROI 2011: Low Vitamin D Levels Less Likely with Rilpivirine than Efavirenz

HIV positive people who use antiretroviral regimens containing the investigational non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) rilpivirine (TMC278) saw smaller changes in their vitamin D levels and were less likely to develop severe deficiency than people taking efavirenz, according to a presentation at the 18th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections (CROI 2011) this month in Boston.

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Protease Inhibitor Regimens Associated with Greater Decrease in Bone Mineral Density than NNRTI Regimens in Treatment-naive HIV Patients

HIV positive individuals taking combination antiretroviral therapy (ART) commonly develop reduced bone mineral density (BMD), a metabolic disorder. This high prevalence of osteopenia and the more severe osteoporosis has been linked to various factors including HIV infection itself, aging of this population, lower body weight, and smoking. Although some studies suggest that reduced BMD is associated with use of protease inhibitors (PIs), others have not confirmed these findings.

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